Mexico is home to diverse Indigenous peoples, Afro-Mexican communities, migrant communities and people from a wide range of cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds.

The country's identity has been shaped by Indigenous civilisations, including the Maya and Aztec, alongside centuries of Spanish colonial rule and migration from across the world. Today, Mexico officially recognises dozens of Indigenous languages alongside Spanish.

Issues relating to race, ethnicity, class and migration continue to shape social experiences and opportunities. Migrants and refugees travelling through Mexico, particularly from Central and South America, have become an increasingly visible part of public debate.

Mexico is also characterised by significant economic inequality. Wealth and opportunity are often unevenly distributed, and experiences can differ considerably between regions, cities and communities.